Ethan Yazel is the Bob Ross of Muzzleloading

    

    Ethan Yazel is the Bob Ross of Muzzleloading? Simply put, he's about the nicest, most welcoming guy in the hobby. He accepts you wherever you are on the journey and he seeks to help you be the best version of that you can possibly be. Whether he's giving you muzzleloading tips or making a video about how to up your game if you want to attend slightly more juried events he's just there, ready and willing to help. 

    And then there's me....if Ethan is Bob Ross, then I'm, well, I don't know, but there was a moment that brought to my attention that the tone of this blog can be a little...well, lets just say I don't hold back maybe when I should. I was sitting across the fire from a gentlemen I had never met. The fire was low so he and I couldn't quite make each others face's out. Once the fire was stoked up he says "OH, it's you! I'm glad I didn't wear my walnut dyed shirt this weekend." At first I thought I had offended this fellow, but he assured me that he didn't take it that way. That rather than thinking me a big jerk, he thought of me as just very serious in my approach. Nevertheless, it made me a little sheepish. So I wanted to go on record and clear up a few things. 

    I do a very specific type of reenacting, with a very specific focus. Some call it "progressive". What that means in simple terms is high attention to detail and documentation. I spend time with others of like mind and so the focus of this blog is on how to do this type of reenacting. How to get your kit to a level that brings you into that fold and gets you invited to such events. There are ALL kinds of sub hobbies and levels within the broader hobby of muzzleloading and reenacting. I strive for a kit that I could defend in a court of law. By that I mean, everything is backed up by documentation in triplicate from a variety of sources and not just vague "well this works" or "well they'd have probably had this or done this". It's just what I like. It's the thing that brings me the most joy when I really feel like I have nailed the look, the gear etc. So, if you feel targeted or called out by anything I post, please know that it isn't personal, that there are MANY other options to enjoy history and the woods and shooting and all and that this blog is focused on a very specific part of the broader hobby. 

Rob Parks being stoic

     This past weekend was a weekend dedicated to opening the door, encouraging those on the path and above all enjoying some time around the fire, in the woods and on the range. Ethan hosted a very fun, accessible and friendly event with plenty of time for conversation. I am very happy that I got to go and be a part of it. 

    I shot in the woodswalk, hit the small targets, missed the big ones. No idea. I guess I only took half of  Mels advice. I aimed small but I missed big. Then at about the 14th target, I got a ball stuck about 6 inches down. It would NOT go. They tried everything and finally a heavy metal rod managed to push it down after the air could not. Never had that happen before with an unpatched ball. Overall I only managed to hit 3 targets. That woods walk is no joke. You better have a gun you've really sighted in cause it's a bear. 

Our fearless leader laying out the blanket prizes 

    I brought the shop and managed to do a little business while I was there. Was happy to be able to provide some last minute items for people in need of a good fire steel or a kettle. 

      
I was really happy to have recently found some good cured bacon at a local grocery store and so I tested that out for the first time and it was really good. Just wrapped it up in a beeswax linen and it kept really well. 

  One of the things I really enjoyed about this weekend was the reverence and respect that was so evident from Ethan and others for the work of the forbearers. There were so many mentions of old articles from Muzzleloader featuring the exploits of Mark Baker, old historical trekking articles from On the Trail, reminiscing about events long gone. Ethan really has a passion for keeping that sort of thing alive and well and I'm really hoping we can get him out to one of our immersion events. I can't help get nostalgic for that stuff as it was the era I grew up in and cut my teeth on. 

    Just a few things in closing this post. I'm working on some new articles. Eileen has more coming down the line for The Petticoat Mess, and the Shirttail Mess is hosting another Immersion event in the spring so stay tuned for registration and details on that. 

The Petticoat Mess : Essentials for a Basic Late 18th Century Women’s Kit: Part I, Underthings

     Abigail Adams in 1776 admonished her husband, John Adams, to “remember the ladies” as he and the other founding fathers were crafting what would become the framework of these United States. I felt it high time that this blog do the same. This is the first Shirttail Mess post aimed at the female living historian. My name is Eileen Book, and I have been heavily involved in this hobby since 2017. My primary topic of interest centers around women and their roles before, during, and after the American War for Independence. 

     Any new endeavor, especially one as varied as beginning in the living history hobby, can be daunting. Unlike our forebears, we today have limitless information at hand. One can escape down any number of rabbit holes and invariably end up more confused than when they started. This post is an attempt to serve as a basic guideline for those who are new to the hobby. The following will be a list of what I consider to be essential pieces of basic female kit, undergarments edition.

    We’ll start with underwear. Underwear in this period for women is called a shift or chemise. What it is is a simple linen undergarment. It is worn between the skin and the clothes. It is meant to absorb the sweat from the body and keep it off the outer garments. You will need at least one but better to have two for especially hot weekend events. The best resource for making one of your own is this article by the late Sharon Burnston: http://sharonburnston.com/shifts/shifts.html 

    Before you put on your stays you will want to put up your hair and cover it with a cap. Caps are almost always made from white linen. They keep the hair clean while working over a fire or traveling a dusty road when fleeing the British. A wonderful resource for sewing your own is the Capalog blog: https://capalog.blog/2021/02/28/a-pattern-for-an-18th-c-lappet-cap/

    Next you will need to put on your stockings. These will be cotton, linen, wool, or silk. You can obtain these from any number of reputable sellers, my personal favorite is Burnley and Trowbridge: https://burnleyandtrowbridge.com/collections/stockings You will also need a way to hold them up, a set of garters tied just below the knee will serve you well. Silk ribbon makes a good garter; silk seems to stay tied better than anything else I’ve found. I’ve seen others use bits of wool or linen tape as garters. Put on your shoes after this step, trust me, you do not want to be attempting to bend over in your stays to buckle your shoes. I bought a pair from a vendor that doesn’t have a website but these would be great for most impressions: https://www.americanduchess.com/collections/18th-century-shoes-and-boots/products/kensington-18th-century-shoe-black 

    

    The next thing you NEED is going to be a decent fitting set of stays. These are non-negotiable unless you have a medical reason for not wearing them. These are your support garment and also give you the pleasant conical shape that was so en vogue during the time. Tight lacing for working women is a myth. They should be quite comfortable and support your back, middle, and, ahem, other things. If they hurt, they are not the right size. Get or make the right size. This is a great pattern that will walk you step by step through the process of making period correct stays:  https://atthesignofthegoldenscissors.com/products/front-and-back-lacing-stays-pattern 

     If you have a person who will be always going to events with you, back lacing is preferable but if you tend to go out alone, front lacing will be a God send. My current pair have straps but when I make my next pair, they will be strapless as I feel they are more versatile and less worry about the straps showing when you make a gown. 

    Does this sound like a lot? It is. Which is why this can be such a scary thing for the person new to this hobby. I highly, HIGHLY encourage anyone who takes up this hobby to learn to sew. It is an essential skill and will serve you well. You will save so much money by learning to do this. The aforementioned Burnley and Trowbridge have a wonderful YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/BurnleyandTrowbridgeCo where they teach you the sewing essentials and before you know it you will be ultra-progressive and look down your nose at anyone who deigns to use a machine. Okay, maybe you won’t be quite like that, but you will get to experience a little taste of the lives of your fore-mothers which is really why we’re here in the first place, right? Right. 

Part II to follow expediently.

Yr Obedient Servant,

Mrs. Jacob Book

I've Changed my Mind about Beards....well, not really.

     It seems like every time I feel like the debate couldn't be any more case closed about beards in the 18th century, new questions and debates crop up all over the place. I haven't changed my mind. Beards were not common place in the 18th century. If they were, you'd see paintings of prominent upper class people wearing them, and they were not. They simply were not in fashion and that to me isn't really debatable. What is debatable is the extent to which beards existed amongst working class people in the 18th century at any given time. 

    There is plenty out there to support beards for the person wanting to justify a beard, or is there? Well, yes, and no and maybe. 

Here's a weird one : 

THE VIRGINIA GAZETTE 

April 4, 1777

DESERTED from Elk Ridge landing, Maryland , the 5th of February last, four soldiers belonging to capt. Charles Fleming's company of the 7th Virginia regiment..... JOEL JOHNSON , a low well set thin man, about 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, wears his own hair and very large whiskers, full faced; had on a hunting shirt dyed black, fringed round the capes, ruffles, tail, and down the breast, belted with the skin of a rattle snake , and had with him a bundle in a blanket.

 And there's a lot of these. Thanks to Chris Couch I've been made aware of this breakdown through searching the Virginian Gazette and other newspapers: 

large beard----127

long beard----198

thin beard------21

red beard------88

sandy beard----48

black beard---116

    That's a lot of beard references. Here's another one : 

August 23, 1753 The Pennsylvania Gazette 

RUN away from the subscriber, living in Robeson township, Berks county, near Reading, an Irish servant man, named William Moore, about 30 years of age, five fet six inches high, thick and well set, of a dark complexion, pock mark, his hair cut off but commonly keeps his beard pretty long; has a very slow gait, and is not muc given to discourse: Had on when he went away, an old felt hat, but no cap, good ozenbrigs shirt, two trowsers, old blue stockings, and half worn shoes, with brass buckles, an old blue jacket, and a brown coat, about half worn; also took with him a pair of black buckskin breeches, almost new, with brass buttons, and an old shirt. Whoever takes up and secures said servant, so that his master may have him again, shall have Forty Shillings reward, and reasonable charges, paid by JOSEPH MONEY

 Strange, I know. And then there are images. We have several, yes. But most illustrations are of poor people. And even then, the vast majority of images of poor people show clean shaven people. Paul Sandby's collection features all manner of lowly persons and not a one of them, or close to it, is bearded. 

    So where does this leave us. I really don't know. In my personal opinion, until we can get people to care about cut and fit of their clothes and stop buying from the Walmart stores or get the Walmart stores to carry better products, then shaving is really a moot point. Shaving won't fix a bad impression. But clothes will surely redeem a little facial hair. 

Farby me. The beard being shaved would not redeem this poorly executed kit. Yikes.

Progressive me. Shaving doesn't really detract from the fact that this kit is good. Shaving would make it much more kosher considering the fashion of the time, but it's still, based on many accounts, plausible.

So what on earth do we do? Shave. That's the safest and most likely bet. But, I'd suggest getting that kit squared away first and then worry about shaving for that progressive campaigner event you've wanted to attend that said "ABSOLUTELY NO BEARDS". Heck, I might have even wrote those words in bold letters on that very impression guideline you read. Well, I stand by it...mostly. 

Martins Station Recap, Thoughts on Militia Companies and Billy Heck's Retirement

  

  Eileen and I travelled down to the Cumberland Gap this past weekend and for the first time set up the store. It was a great success and I want to thank all who came by and perused and purchased. It was great to see old friends and new. 

Myself drumming for the forts company circa 2004-05

   

     I want to congratulate Billy Heck on his retirement and just say what a wonderful job he has done over the years making Martins Station one of the most special places to visit and attend events at. I've been coming to Martins since I was 11 years old and it made a huge impact on me. Everything from drumming for the fort militia company under the watchful eye of Captain Titus and the long death marches that are now legend. Getting sold as an indentured servant to the late Wayne Milton and being thrown up on the back of his horse and riding out of the station. Seeing the August County Militia for the first time come sweeping onto the field in relief of the station during one of the Raid events and thinking to myself, I want to do whatever those guys are doing.  Walking into the station on a Friday evening and seeing the common house all lit up and warm with punch and shrub, song and story. It's an atmosphere that few places have and which Billy so meticulously cultivated with the help and support of the reenactors who bought into the vision. Thank you Billy!

Billy Heck 

    Piggy backing off of the Prickett's Dunmore event, I really wanted to bring a bit of that to Martins and we successfully managed to wrangle up about 10 volunteers for a drill outside the fort walls. The militia thing always seemed to be a contentious issue around the hobby in the old days. The idea that militia equalled a certain level of undress, or ill discipline. I would say that while there may be some truth to it, it's largely overblown and over stressed. I think the discipline in some places was probably very ill and in other places very healthy. I think once again we run into this sort of vision of the rugged individual that this blog has spent its life trying to temper with a more nuanced and sometimes downright opposite direction. Just like the life of the modern day Martins Station and the vision Billy Heck cultivated over those years, no amount of rugged individualism could have carried us through the tumultuous years of the American Revolution. It took individuals coming together for a common purpose that brought us what we have today. Martins Station was a labor of love for so many individuals who came together to create a wonderful atmosphere and environment that has stood for the last 25 years. 

    In 1777 the militia regulations in Virginia read : 

"There shall be a private muster of every company once in every month, except the months of January and February, at such convenient time and place as the captain, or next commanding officer, shall appoint, and a general muster in each county, on some day in the months of April and October, in every year, to be appointed by the county lieutenant, or other commanding officer: For notifying the time and place whereof, the captains, or next commanding officers, shall have power to order so many of their serjeants as they shall think fit to give notice to every person belonging to the company of the time and place of such general or private muster, as the case may be; and if any serjeant, so appointed, shall fail in his duty, he shall forfeit and pay forty shillings for every such failure. Every officer and soldier shall appear at his respective muster-field by eleven o’clock in the forenoon, armed or accoutred as follows: The county lieutenant, colonels, lieutenant colonels, and major, with a sword; every captain and lieutenant with a firelock and bayonet, a cartouch box, a sword, and three charges of powder and ball; every ensign with a sword; every non-commissioned officer and private with a rifle and tomahawk, or good firelock and bayonet, with a pouch and horn, or a cartouch or cartridge box, and with three charges of powder and ball; and, moreover, each of the said officers and soldiers shall constantly keep one pound of powder and four pounds of ball, to be produced whenever called for by his commanding officer."

    Not exactly a bunch of Natty Bumpos running around. This document goes on to discuss fines that could be levied if one didn't do ones duty. This was an every day part of life and so meeting for a monthly muster, one would have gotten decently proficient at drill and would have understood and known what was expected. 

    Martins Station is a place where the balance between the myth and the reality comes together. I was always glad that Billy, Titus and the others really made sure that the militia element was well represented. Titus was a disciplinarian and he always gave you a sense of realism that I've rarely experienced. His whole manner was the 18th century and he made sure that everyone around him was there with him. 

Kyle Willyard has done an excellent job of filling his shoes and making sure the fort garrison is always well ordered. 

    

        Nobody is ever truly on their own hook, not now and not out on the frontier of 18th century Virginia. Billy Heck, individual he may be, was supported by many other individuals and a vision was realized and continues to be realized by all those that continue to attend and be inspired by Martins Station. Now more than ever, let this be a lesson to us as we continue to realize the vision of our forbearers.     

Dunmore's War 250th at Pricketts Fort

     Men from across Augusta County assembled at Prickett's Fort this past weekend to defend the frontier at the behest of Lord Dunmore. This year marked the 250th anniversary of the war known as Dunmore's War that took place in the year 1774. This pivotal moment in history was a part of the build up towards Revolution and it was a pleasure to be able to participate in something that I myself had direct ancestors involved with. 

    We arrived at the fort Friday afternoon and saw many familiar faces as we settled in for the evening. In the morning scouts were assembled and were sent out away from the fort to hopefully bring word of any native presence in the area. 

Captain Ervin sending out the scouts

    

    Next the Forts company was assembled for morning drill and exemptions were given to several men who were employed in other places but that contributed to the overall well being of the garrison. Some of them, a Mr. Kobuck and Mr. Bertolino claimed to be employed out of Fort Pitt and were being held against their will. The ladies of the fort offered their services in mending and darning clothing. 

Beckie and Eileen 

    The forts garrison then assembled and took instruction from Captain Ervin. This really was excellent and I think we were really able to capture the feel of a local garrison that has been called into service. We performed our drill using the 64' manual of arms and once the rust was knocked off, we were very proficient in executing it. 

    

    Then once again in the afternoon Captain Kraus took over for some light infantry training and we did a lot of fun maneuvers. 

    

    Upon the completion of drill our sections were assigned walls in the fort in the event of an attack. The scouts arrived later in the afternoon and we were informed of a potential threat so everyone man hurried to his post on the wall and within a minute the whole fort was secure and prepared for the enemy. The women grabbed axes and were stationed near the center building in the event of a breach in the defenses. 

    Afterwards we settled in for the evening and had an excellent meal prepared by the commissary. Bill and Heather Schneider did an excellent job of providing so much good food for the event. Corporal Iten was on hand at all times to cook and prepare meals. Just a wonderful team effort. The evening was filled with music, conversation and a very boisterous speech from Mr. Kobuck, a Pennsylvania man, warning us of the dangers that were to befall us if we followed Captain Kraus and so, he suggested, we leave with him in the morning for Fort Pitt. At this point, Captain Kraus was informed of the slander coming from within the walls of our station and he burst into the room pleading the cause of Virginia. 

    The next morning we began preparations to leave the station and by 12:30 we were once again drilling in the field. Later that afternoon while I was leading drill I was informed by Captain Ervin that a letter had arrived and we had orders to arrest Mr. Kobuck and his associate Mr. Bertolino. It seems he was acting as an agent of Pennsylvania and was fomenting desertion amongst the inhabitants of our country. I marched the column into the fort where it was announced, much to Mr. Kobuck's surprise that he was to be placed under arrest. I saw Mr. Bertolino attempting to hide himself behind a cabin wall and I promptly seized him. 

    The event was an incredible success and I had a great time. Thanks to David Ervin for organizing this and everyone else for their contributions. Couldn't think of a better start to the 250th Campaign. 

HUZZAH! 

Indian Spies and knapsacks. Oh, did you know I started a business?

     Well, the warm weather finally broke and we got some cooler days. Almost felt like fall there for a second but then it shoots back up into the upper 80s and Mother Nature laughs at us. Just when we were getting comfortable. Oh well. 

    I've been doing some reading in preparation for the Dunmore event in a months time. I have never really delved to deeply into the Indian spies aspect of life on the frontier but it peaked my interest lately as I was reading one of the books compiled by Dale Payne, "Indian Warfare and Massacres on the Virginia Frontier Part 3." In it there is a whole pile of narratives from pension applications of guys who served as spies. It went something like this. You'd join up for a particular time of service and then you'd spend 3-6 days, sometime longer, out scouting around miles away from the fort. I've often wondered about the idea of guys wandering around in the woods aimlessly. The historical trekking format of the 80s and 90s seemed to be something along the lines of a primitive skills camping trip. People in the 18th century were not going "camping" or "trekking" just for the pure enjoyment of it, at least not in the same way we do. It wasn't a time for them to "get away from it all" and enjoy the relaxation of a night spent out in the woods around a fire. No, it was often the case that venturing out had a purpose and it could be a pretty big risk to life and limb. Now, I don't want to over play the idea of "survival" because that conjures up stereotypes and images that are based partly in reality and mostly in our "rugged frontier" mythology. So, instead of that, let's look at the more practical side of things before we get the idea that everyone was just living rough off the land, women in shifts and men bathing in walnut dye. 

We watched the gaps and low places...

 John Bradshaw gives us a good idea of the circumstances of the Indian Spy when he recounts : 

"I served as an Indian Spy in the years 1776 to 1779....The practice was for two men to leave Fort Cook, Monroe County, and be out 3-4 days each week, others taking their place on the return. We watched the gaps and low places in the mountains for thirty miles, to a point where we met the spies from Burnsides Fort. We were strictly forbidden to make a fire, no matter how inclement the weather."  

So here we have a nice account that gives a foundation for a trek or trip in period gear on foot in the 1770s. There's other reasons one might be out. Maybe you're away  from the cabin hunting on foot for a few days. But largely people were not doing this stuff for "fun" or "sport." It was a means to an end, and that end was the continued welfare of the family and the community. 

    So what of the gear, that's always the question? Well, we have several examples of gear carried that have been covered, recovered and covered again by this blog and several others. So, I won't bore you with a lot gear details but I do want to discuss the "knapsack." In his account. John Dickenson says "I was frequently out five and six days at a time subsisting on such provisions that I could pack in my knapsack."

Eating out of the knapsack 

     There are so many shoddy knapsacks and packs out there that I think the best and most plausible option remains what has been labeled the Uhl style knapsack. A simpler design you will not find and it steers you away from the more overly stylized ones and the off the rack variety. A simple linen knapsack with straps so as to be worn over the shoulder like a backpack. Now, what provisions might one subsist on for 3-6 days in the woods? 

    With the idea that fires were prohibited, as Bradshaw mentions above, we can assume that the food needed to be something that would keep and that could be eaten cold or dry without need of cooking. We can also assume that fresh game wasn't the object of the spying trip and that the only time you'd want to fire your gun would be if faced with danger from the enemy. 

    We can go back a few blog posts to the often quoted : "They take about a gallon of corn and parch it well, then they pound it fine and mix it with sugar as would make it sweet enough for coffee, then put it in a buckskin bag and stow it in their knapsack; then take a chunk of raw bacon, wrap it up well and stow in their knapsack." 

    So, pretty simple right? Meat, parched corn, sometimes made into a coffee of sorts. Enough to last 4-5 days.

     Another account given by William Hutchinson recalls "....I served at the imminent hazard of my life, lying out at night, with no covering but my blanket, and no other shelter but the forest."

No covering but our blankets. Oh, also, don't camp under one of these rock overhangs in a rain storm in a low spot. Ask me how I know.

     I don't know how many videos exist on YouTube that detail various "kits" of frontiersmen. So many of them have these elaborate bedrolls with various tarps and waterproof oil cloth etc. But here we have it from the horses mouth. "No covering but my blanket." Wait, are you saying they never had any waterproof canvas of any kind???? Nope. I'm just saying that we overcomplicate this stuff and I'd love to see more treks attempted in this manner. Sometimes the miserable ones are the most memorable. 

    Maybe I'll attempt one of these camps soon. It's getting a tad chillier at night and it might be a good idea to put my gear through a test for a night. It's been a while. 

    In other news, I have started a trading company. If you've been reading this blog for a while you may have seen a page called "J. Book at the sign of the Gilded Beaver" up at the top with a picture of me and Matthew Fennewald that said "Coming Soon...." Well, it hasn't been soon, but the time has finally come. We hope to be out at some events next spring and hope to see you there! Stay tuned for more updates!     

What is an "Impression" and Why the Hobby Isn't Dying

     

    Well, preparations for the 250th of Dunmore's War at Prickett's continue. I've been trying to get out in kit and hike and make adjustments. Everything is riding good and the pocket bottle is working great. Thanks Kobuck. Actually I like it in some ways better than the canteen. The canteen always rides at the back and underneath my bedroll strap or tucked behind my knapsack and so accessing it with all the gear over top can be a challenge. Whereas the pocket bottle, riding in the front side of the wallet was easily accessed while on the move. It's these little things that really make a world of difference. 

    As I hiked yesterday, I thought about the word "impression." A funny word to describe putting together an outfit from 250 years ago. It has several definitions depending on how you use it, but the one that suits our purposes goes something like "a graphic or pictorial representation of someone or something." These impressions of ours are supposed to be a window into the past, an illusion that we are indeed militiamen from 1774 or a British soldier, a trader, a longhunter etc. but in reality we are modern men and women working modern jobs in modern society. We try to offset our modernness by going into the woods and trying our hand at some of the skills our forbearers possessed. 

    For the public though, this first "impression" can really shape what they think about our nation's past. It can either perpetuate a stereotype, bolster old myths, or it can make one rethink and form new opinions on what exactly our ancestors looked like while reading the pages of Allen Eckart or thumbing through a Nathaniel Philbrick journalistic account. We become the first and maybe last impression for folks as they wind their way through an event stopping at sutlers and seeing the soldier camps. 

    I've been watching a lot of old movies, which I love. Those old movies sparked the fire for a lot of kids in my dad's generation and the generation before to really dive into history. As cheesy and hokey as some of them could be, it was the impression that really inspired a generation of young people to get excited about history and eventually to build their own impression of just what it might have looked like. From the early adaptation of Last of the Mohicans to Drums Along the Mohawk, Northwest Passage and Unconquered, history was portrayed in very black and white terms. America, its principles, its founders were mythic ideals and heroes who were above reproach. The white man's triumph over the harsh wilderness, the manifest destiny and the taming of the North American continent. Then along came Walt Disney's Davy Crocket, King of the Wild Frontier that leaned heavily into the rugged individual who stands up for what is right and who lends a hand when the going is tough. All good qualities to be sure. But, what of the reality? We'll get to that. This generation raised on Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone on TV (both played by Fess Parker) along with Johnny Tremain, the Light in the Forest etc. grew up to be the first and second waves of what we know as reenactors. Of course Civil War was happening, and the BAR had started, but this group began doing blackpowder shoots, got really into the western fur trade, marched in local bicentennial parades with their unit or muzzleloading club. And in those days, it had a sort of "Mayberry Founders Day Pageant" quality to it all. An impression, albeit an incomplete one. 

    The Bicentennial era really propelled things along though. Out came Sketchbook 76 and the Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, books that would really become the gold standard of the time. And so, black powder shooting began to have another element-the gear that our ancestors wore and carried. Reproductions are being produced and the next layer of the impression starts to be examined. It's not just about shooting a gun anymore, but what did they have on their person. The 20th century saw the rise of the "primitive skills" movement. People who were already involved in that movement easily gravitated towards this new hobby where they could combine skills and their love of history.  People started organizing treks and hunting camps sometimes called a "pack in" where one could put the skills, gear and gun knowledge to the test. Magazines like Muzzleloader became a companion piece to these journeys in history, and it was in the pages of Muzzleloader where I believe the next layer of the impression comes along.

Pack in organized by David Book in Iowa, 1979

      

    Mark Baker. His name has become synonymous in our hobby with walnut dyed smocks and hunting shirts worn by "long hunters." His impact can't be overstated in my opinion. Mark was a schoolteacher by trade and his writing style was polished but with a charming down home style that really brought a homespun yarn to life. He took his readers along on his adventures into the woods and really showed a whole new group of people what was possible and how history could be accessed in a very hands on way. A term that was eventually coined was "historical trekking" and so the Trekker era began. It exists as its own thing in the broader world of reenacting. Remember, groups like the BAR, NWTA etc were doing historical reenacting, but this was confined to a weekend at a public site, talking with tourists who came to see the sutlers and the two o'clock battle. Mark was doing this stuff without an audience aside from the readers who hung on his every word and who took this new impression and ran with it. Suddenly it was "the look." Everybody was dying smocks with walnuts and rolling their top shirt sleeve up over their undershirt sleeve. The Coalition of Historical Trekkers was formed and its members were regulars at Caesars Creek, Manskers Station, Martins Station and Bledsoe's.  

    During this phase, the Internet became a thing and suddenly information that was only available through the library or by visiting a museum or an archive was suddenly available to the masses.  In some cases brand new information surfaced for the first time, and in other cases, information was reexamined and new conclusions were made based on more adjacent sources being cross referenced and more eyes being put on the source material. The forum wars raged on how far to push "authenticity." Sites like Ticonderoga threw out the old playbook of annual encampments centered around the two O'clock battle in favor of a more immersive and intimate view into the daily life and times of those who lived in and around Ticonderoga from the days of the French and Indian War to Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys. This caused a large swath of people to feel alienated and hurt by the tightening of the standards. In contrast, sites like Vincennes continue the founders day pageant model that more resembles a pre-1840s renaissance faire than the market fairs of Locust Grove and Manskers Station of old. People like Nathan Kobuck began writing blogs and trying to push for a more detailed look into the long hunter trade of the 1760s. Others pushed back, clinging to the notion of the rugged individual trekking through the woods on foot with a knapsack and a Wilde blanket. 

    As we are coming into the post pandemic years, I feel we are in the next phase and that brings me to the phrase that I hear often, "the hobby is dying." This comment is usually made by the generation that proceeded us or people who attend run of the mill, two o'clock battle events. I understand why that is the feeling, but I have a different view. I think the hobby is in great shape, it's just changing. Younger people just aren't as enamored with the old format. They want to build on the Mark Baker format, hitting the woods, using the gear, doing events that are immersive or one offs where a specific impression is built and you do that, unlike the old days where your impression was your impression and you chose your events based on that. Now the idea is to pick the event and then build the impression. Not just some generic thing, but really researching and putting together something that fits the needs of the event. Much like what we are doing for Pricketts. It's the culmination of all of the little niches with in the hobby coming together and creating an impression that is more well thought out, that relies on the work of our forbearers and pushes us to new and better heights. An impression that will give future generations a better idea of the nuances and details and will flesh out the silhouettes and caricatures of bygone films and movies that inspired that first generation to take up a muzzleloader and throw on a coonskin cap and figure it out. Honoring their legacy is important and moving forward doesn't take away what they did, it enhances it and makes it all the more important.

   The Impression I get is that young people are very hungry for history, and the Impression that we do could either be a turnoff, or a turn on. Authenticity is attractive, so let's attract the next generation and give them the best impression we can.